Effect of asymmetrical orifice inlet geometry on spray kinematics and development

In diesel engines, fuel injection has a commanding effect on combustion. Thus studying spray characteristics is beneficial for controlling and improving However, information characteristics, especially those governed by injector needle lift, lacking. This study investigates the near-nozzle kinematics particular nozzle geometries over range of pressures. The nozzles used in this research include single-hole off-axis two-hole with deviated orifices. aims to observe asymmetrical orifice inlet describe how sensitive they are pressure. First, we applied double-pulses time-gated ballistic imaging obtain well-defined spray/gas interfaces. Then, tracking these interface structures, obtained kinematics. results show that generates slower sprays than at beginning injection. velocity differences between become less significant as develop quasi-steady state. addition, diagrams instabilities cause flow experience alterations Moreover, observed nominal axis shifts towards sharper edge, which will affect targeting. Finally, pressure seems have minimal profile, but it certainly changes evolution timing shortens transient phase. • Off-axis creates distribution deflection. At early injection, faster one. Injection mainly affects overall velocity. does not significantly influence average profile.